Hougan, Jim. Spooks: The Haunting of America -- The Private Use of Secret Agents. New York: Bantam Books, 1979. 481 pages.
A ground-breaking investigative survey of parapolitical America, "Spooks" was one of the first books to report on the privatization of the intelligence function: the application of intelligence practices to commercial activities, and the emergence of CIAs-for-hire in the private sector. Within this general framework, Hougan unearths great chunks of America's "secret history." The war between Jimmy Hoffa and the Kennedy family is seen to have had a public and a private side, with the latter fought by countermeasures genius Bernard Spindel against "an archipelago" of public and private intelligence agencies working for Bobby and Jack.Calling Howard Hughes "an American Dracula," Hougan offers a blow-by- blow account of the bedside battle fought by Intertel and former CIA agent Robert Maheu for control over the drug-addicted billionaire's body and empire. Other sections of the book describe Robert Vesco's assault on Investors Overseas Services; Richard Nixon's "French connection" to industrialist Paul Louis Weiller; the efforts of paramilitary wizard Mitch WerBell and CIA superspook Lucien Conein to introduce a "final solution" to the War on Drugs; and the World War II background of Japanese and German agents who played key roles in the Lockheed bribery scandal. Packed with anecdotes, footnotes, and proper names, "Spooks" is a classic.
O'Toole, George. The Private Sector: Private Spies, Rent-a-Cops, and the Police-Industrial Complex. New York: W.W. Norton, 1978. 250 pages.
A former chief of the CIA's Problems Analysis Branch, George O'Toole began writing magazine articles in the 1970s and in 1975 wrote "The Assassination Tapes" (Penthouse Press), which used a psychological stress evaluator to analyze audio tapes of JFK witnesses, including Oswald, to try and determine who was lying.This book looks at the threat to civil liberties from private-sector intelligence and investigative firms such as Burns, Pinkerton, and Wackenhut, which are often hired by big corporations for activities ranging from employee screening and strike-breaking to anti-terrorist security and competitor counterintelligence. The gray area between public and private is represented by the Law Enforcement Intelligence Unit and the Society of Former Special Agents of the FBI. Private record-keeping systems, politicians and their private plumber units, lock-picking and security systems, and the Law Enforcement Assistance Administration's funding for private merchandising of police hardware are also covered. O'Toole believes that the public criminal justice system has ceased to work, and with the strain on tax revenues, this trend will continue. Those with assets will always be willing to spend part of what they have in order to protect the rest, so the private sector is moving in to fill the vacuum.
Here are the names most frequently mentioned in the above books:
ALLEN RICHARD VINCENT ALTER SEYMOUR AMERICAN TELEPHONE TELEGRAPH ANDERSON SECURITY CONSULTANTS ANGLETON JAMES JESUS ARAMCO ASHLEY JAMES H AUDIO INTELLIGENCE DEVICES BACON RANULPH ROBERT MAUNSELL BAHAMAS CIA IN BAISE GARY BAST RICHARD BEHN SOSTHENES BELISLE DAVID I BELL ALLAN D JR BELLINO CARMINE SALVATORE BENNETT ROBERT FOSTER (R-UT) BERTSCHE RALPH BOSCH ORLANDO BOUCHARD CONRAD BRANNON J O BROTHERHOOD ETERNAL LOVE BROWN ROBERT KENNETH BULEN L KEITH BURNS WILLIAM J (DETECTIVE) BUSINESS INTERNATIONAL CAMING WILLIAM CASEY CHARLES E CASPER NORMAN CASTLE BANK CAULFIELD JACK J CELLINI EDDIE CHESLER LOU ARTHUR CHURCH LEAGUE AMERICA CLAPP SAM CLELAND DAVID I COLSON CHARLES WENDELL CONEIN LUCIEN CORNFELD BERNIE CREOLE PETROLEUM COMPANY CROSBY JAMES M DATA GENERAL CORPORATION DAVIS CHESTER (HOWARD HUGHES AIDE) DAVIS RALPH E DE FREEZE DONALD DAVID DEKTOR COUNTERINTELLIGENCE DUCOTE JEROME DURHAM DOUGLAS EDWARDS SHEFFIELD ELLSBERG DANIEL EMMERGLICK LEONARD J EQUIFAX INC EXNER JUDITH CAMPBELL FACTUAL SERVICE BUREAU FAIRFAX COUNTY POLICE FENSTERWALD BERNARD JR (BUD) FERRIE DAVID WILLIAM FIDELITY REPORTING SERVICE FIGUERES JOSE (DON PEPE) FIGUERES MARTI FORD MOTOR COMPANY FOX B.R. COMPANY FRANK JOHN JOSEPH FUNKHOUSER RICHARD GALINDEZ JESUS DE GAY BILL (FRANK WILLIAM GAY) GERATY FRANKLIN R GERRITY JOHN F GIANCANA SAM GOLDBERG SIDNEY (GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES EXCHANGE) GOLDEN JAMES O GONZALEZ VIRGINO GOODWIN LEO JR GRAVITT T O GRAYDON STUART F GROVES WALLACE (MEYER LANSKY ASSOCIATE) HADDAD WILLIAM F HALL ROBERT DUKE HANES ARTHUR J SR HARTFORD HUNTINGTON HARTKE VANCE (D-IN) HARVEY WILLIAM KING HAUGHTON DANIEL JEREMIAH HAYES AIRCRAFT CORPORATION HEADLEY LAKE HENRY RAY HERNANDEZ RUMBAUT CARLOS (TRAFFICKER) HITCHCOCK WILLIAM MELLON HOLCOMB JACK N HOLOHAN WILLIAM (MAJ) HOWAR BARBARA HUGHES HOWARD R HUNDLEY WILLIAM G HUNT E HOWARD HUNT HAROLDSON LAFAYETTE HUNT NELSON BUNKER HUNT WILLIAM HERBERT ICARDI ALDO INFORMATION DIGEST INSTITUTE DEFENSE ANALYSES INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION CHIEFS POLICE INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES INTERNATIONAL INVESTIGATORS INC INTERNATIONAL POLICE ACADEMY INTERNATIONAL TELEPHONE TELEGRAPH INTERTEL INVESTORS OVERSEAS SERVICES IRVING CLIFFORD IRVING EDITH ITKIN HERBERT JAFFE RICHARD E KELLEY CLARENCE M KELLY JOHN LOUIS KELLY VINCE KENNEDY ROBERT FRANCIS KHASHOGGI ADNAN KIERNAN THOMAS (AUTHOR) KING WILLIAM R KIRK CLAUDE ROY JR KODAMA YOSHIO KOLAR WILLIAM A KROGH EGIL (BUD) LANSKY MEYER LAW ENFORCEMENT INTELLIGENCE UNIT LEBLANC JULES LEBLANC ROGER LEGION JUSTICE LEWIS EDWARD D LEWIS WAYNE M LIPSET HAL (HAROLD) LOCKHEED CORPORATION LODOLCE CARL LONGWORTH EDGAR L (NICK) LUDWIG DANIEL KEITH LUGAR RICHARD GREEN (R-IN) LYNN CARROLL M MACKEM WALTER MAHEU ROBERT AIME MARCELLO CARLOS MARY CARTER PAINT COMPANY MASFERRER ROLANDO MCCLINTIC STEPHEN MCCORD JAMES W JR MCCRARY TEX (JOHN REAGAN MCCRARY) MCDONALD LAWRENCE PATTON MCKEON THOMAS J MCKISSACK LUKE MCLANEY MICHAEL J MEIER JOHN HERBERT MELLON KAREN LEIGH BOYD MELLON SEWARD PROSSER MILLER GEORGE C MORGAN JOHN PIERPONT (1867-1943) MORGAN ROBERT BURREN (D-NC) MORRISSEY MICHAEL MOTT STEWART RAWLINGS MULDOON JOHN PATRICK MULLEN ROBERT R MURPHY GERALD LESTER MURPHY HARRY J NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE ACADEMY NEAL JAMES F NEILL HAROLD A NOYES PETER OBRIEN LAWRENCE FRANCIS OCONNELL JAMES P OLIVER MICHAEL OLIVER R SPENCER ONASSIS ARISTOTLE OTEPKA OTTO F PELLICANO ANTHONY JOSEPH PELOQUIN ROBERT DOLAN PETERS ROBERT (PRIVATE EYE) PETERSEN HENRY EDWARD PINDLING LYNDEN OSCAR PINKERTONS NATIONAL DETECTIVE AGENCY PISTELL RICHARD CHADWICK POMERLEAU DONALD D POSSE COMITATUS PRESTI JOSEPH PROBINSKY DAVID PROJECT MERRIMAC PUROLATOR SECURITY INC REBOZO CHARLES G (BEBE) REDDING GERALD R REES JOHN HERBERT REES SHEILA LOUISE REILLY JOHN F RESORTS INTERNATIONAL RETAIL CREDIT COMPANY RICHARDSON THOMAS P ROCKWELL INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION ROSSELLI JOHN ROTHERMEL PAUL M ROUDEBUSH RICHARD RUCKELSHAUS WILLIAM DOYLE RUSSELL LOUIS JAMES RYAN GEORGE W SANDS STAFFORD SCHMAHL HORACE W SER VAAS BEURT RICHARD SHELTON TURNER B SHERIDAN WALTER SHIMON JOSEPH SOCIETY FORMER SPECIAL AGENTS FBI SPINDEL BERNARD R SPINDEL ELIOT SPOFFORD CHARLES MERVILLE STATEN WILLIAM J STEWART JOHN (DNC) STIRLING DAVID SUMMA CORPORATION TAGGERT RAYMOND A TAYLOR HOBART TRAFFICANTE SANTO JR TRUJILLO RAFAEL LEONIDAS UFFINGER DON ULASEWICZ ANTHONY T VESCO ROBERT LEE WACKENHUT CORPORATION WACKENHUT GEORGE R WEILLER PAUL LOUIS WERBELL MITCHELL LIVINGSTON III WESTBROOK COLSTON WESTERN RESEARCH WILCOX C TIMOTHY WILLIAMS EDWARD BENNETT WOLFE WILLIE (SLA) WOOLSTON-SMITH ARTHUR JAMES ZAVALA ANTHONY V
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